مجله رویکردهای نوین در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 18 (پاییز 1396)

The aim of this study was to design the development model of entrepreneurship skills for sport management students of Iran. This descriptive-analytical study was of exploratory nature which was conducted as a field. The statistical population included 2761 sport management students. According to Morgan table, 338 subjects were selected as the sample by simple random sampling method. For the purposes of this study, a researcher-made questionnaire with 28 items was used; its face and content validity was confirmed by 15 sport management professors and its reliability was calculated in a pilot study with 30 subjects and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α=0.94). Construct validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by factor analysis. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used. The findings showed that environmental, technical, commercial and management factors played a role in developing entrepreneurship of sport management students. Also, all fit indexes of development model of entrepreneurial skills in sport management students were favorable and confirmed this model.

The present study aimed at investigating the obstacles to talent identification in sports in Iran. The research method was mixed and consecutive exploratory type and the data were collected in 3 stages: library studies, 26 interviews, and distribution of a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed by library studies and the interviews. The sample consisted of 145 subjects of 6 groups: heads of federations, authorities of talent identification committee of those federations, staff in the talent identification office of the Ministry of Sport and Youth, university professors, talent identification coaches and authorities of sport clubs. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics such as exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis through PLS software and Friedman test were used. Finally, 70 obstacles to talent identification of Iran sport were identified which were classified into 7 factors and human obstacles (average=5.47) was identified as the most important factor. The results indicated many obstacles to the structure of the talent identification of Iran sport to which sport managers and policy makers should pay special attention so that Iran sport can achieve what it aimed to achieve through the elimination of these obstacles.

The aim of this study was to offer strategies to develop brand for Foolad Khouzestan football club. The population consisted of all senior managers of this club (N=15). Due to the limited number of population, all of them were considered as the sample and the census sampling method was applied. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 sport management professors and using Cronbach's alpha, the reliability was determined to be 0.85. The Friedman and Binomial tests were used to analyze the data. The questionnaire consisted of 53 items of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of brand in Foolad Khouzestan football club. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were analyzed, evaluation matrix of internal and external factors of brand in Foolad Khouzestan football club was created and it was determined that the brand of Foolad Khouzestan football club was in SO position; this is the best position for an organization and it should use growth and development strategy.

The aim of this study was to present a model of the effect of moral intelligence on organizational health with an emphasis on the mediating role of organizational trust. This study was descriptive correlation in terms of data collection. The population consisted of employees of the Ministry of Sport and Youth. 281 subjects were selected as the sample. With a survey of the research literature, the variables were identified; then, the primary model of the study was designed and a questionnaire was prepared. The validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by some of academic experts with factor analysis technique. Internal reliability of Moral Intelligence, Organizational Trust and Organizational Health Questionnaires was calculated (0.825, 0.810, and 0.855) using Cronbach's alpha method. Correlation coefficients and SEM were used to analyze data. The results showed that moral intelligence had the effect size of 0.44 on organizational trust and effect size of 0.61 on organizational health. In addition, the effect size of organizational trust on organizational health was 0.64. The presented model of this study confirmed the effect of moral intelligence on organizational health through organizational trust. Finally, the managers and planners can possibly develop organizational health in the Ministry of Sport and Youth by providing the ground for moral intelligence and organizational trust.

Given the increasing number of mobile users, mobile technology is used as a powerful and useful tool for marketing and communication with consumers. One of these communication methods is Quick Response Codes. The aim of this study was to investigate those factors influencing the use of Quick Response Codes in sport products. 280 physical education students of University of Kurdistan were selected by census method with a correlation method using SEM. 139 participants used these codes. With a review of literature, a questionnaire in line with the goals of this study was designed. Face and content validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by experts and construct validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The internal reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics (SEM) by SPSS22 and Amos22 software. Findings showed that the final model had a good fit; therefore, it and its components can be suitable to deliver those factors influencing the use of Quick Response Codes in sport products and can receive the attention of sport marketers.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the regulatory environment on the effectiveness of strategic management in Ministry of Sport and Youth. The study population consisted of faculty members with sport management experience, managers of the Ministry of Sport and Youth, experts in staff units and subsidiaries and directors of sports federations (N=300) who were selected as the sample by census sampling method. To achieve the research goals, the Regulatory Environment Standard Questionnaire of Niknezhad (2015) and Strategic Management Effectiveness Questionnaire of Niknezhad (2015) were used. The validity of both questionnaires was confirmed by 11 experts and their reliability was calculated as 0.84 and 0.86 respectively in a pilot study with 30 subjects. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical methods including Pearson correlation coefficient, regression and structural equations with SPSS23 and AMOS23 software were used. The results showed a significant positive relationship between the regulatory environment and its all aspects and the effectiveness of strategic management. Also, the results showed that the regulatory environment could have a positive, significant and acceptable effect (0.557) on the effectiveness of strategic management. The obtained coefficient of determination showed that the regulatory environment explained 31% of the variance in the effectiveness of the strategic management. The strategies will not have the required effectiveness with no statements, instructions, rules and regulations and their compilation based on strategies.

The aim of this study was to search the theoretical and practical aspects of hypothesis testing, experimental errors and statistical decisions, ways to decrease these errors, stressing the difference between statistical significance and meaningfulness of findings and the importance of population parameters. Results showed that statistical inferences could be affected by errors of statistical decision of type one, alpha, and type two, beta and experimental errors. The researcher determines the probability of errors of type one and two whereas experimental errors are rooted in human, environmental and methodological procedures and their value is determined by standard deviation. The comparison of statistic-related P value and alpha indicates statistical significance. Meaningfulness of statistic is calculated by shared variances among variables. Type one error deprives the population of useful information while type two error flows false information into the literature. Considerable experimental errors which can decrease the validity of findings are characterized by standard deviation. Failure in the estimation of population parameters obscures the status of the variable of interest in the population. This study was an attempt to provide some suggestions to reduce errors of interpretation and conclusion of experimental studies, to boost the meaningfulness of experimental findings and to estimate population parameters.